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L’intelligence collective au cœur de la citoyenneté active

Un contexte politique difficile

 

Peu importe quel est le parti auquel on adhère, il est vrai pour une grande partie de la population, en France comme dans beaucoup de pays à l’étranger, que les gens ont de moins en moins foi en leurs hommes politiques. Et donc, par le même effet, des pouvoirs publics en général. Qu’en ressort-il ? Pour les plus jeunes générations, l’effet est à la fois double. On constate d’un côté un désintéressement pour un système qui ne répond pas à leurs attentes et dans lequel ils ne s’identifient pas. Et de l’autre, une colère de ne pas être écoutés, que la parole citoyenne ne soit pas prise en compte.

 

L’interdisciplinarité, moteur d’innovation

 

Les outils de concertation sont pourtant bien là, mais ne sont pas forcément utilisés comme ils le devraient. Ou pas utilisés du tout. Ce qui semble ressortir chez les politiques est le constat suivant : le citoyen de base ne comprend pas les enjeux de la politique, même publique, il ne peut donc pas en être acteur. Hors c’est faux. Le système de l’intelligence collective fait ses preuves à de nombreux niveaux et dans de nombreux domaines. Les experts et spécialistes d’un sujet sont là pour guider ce qui ne possède pas forcément cette connaissance bien particulière, mais doivent agir avec, et non pas en solitaire. De nombreux chercheurs, en Sciences de l’information et de la communication, comme dans d’autres domaines, l’ont prouvé. L’interdisciplinarité, donc le mélange de plusieurs connaissances, parfois opposées les unes aux autres, apporte des résultats sidérants que la seule méthode et la discipline ne peuvent produire. L’intérêt de tout le concept de l’intelligence collective réside en cela. Ensemble, on est plus fort, et on va plus loin. La synergie d’un effort intellectuel commun peut pousser vers de grandes choses, et c’est ce concept-là qui doit être entendu et compris en ce qui concerne la citoyenneté active.

C’est l’utilisateur ou le bénéficiaire d’un objet – figuré ou matériel – qui est le seul et unique à même de décréter comme s’il est à l’aise avec la configuration dans laquelle il se trouve. Le philosophe John Dewey illustrait parfaitement ce propos avec l’exemple d’une chaussure. Ce n’est pas le cordonnier qui va être capable de dire en un coup d’œil si vous êtres vraiment à votre aise où non dans vos chaussures. Vous seul en êtes capable. Il pourra vous accompagner dans l’amélioration de la « condition » de vos pieds.

 

Une transparence pouvant désamorcer le système actuel

 

Nous abordions quelques lignes plus haut l’interdisciplinarité et la synergie qu’elle entraîne. Des personnes qui n’ont pas l’habitude de travailler ensemble, parce que évoluant dans des domaines ou des centres d’intérêt différents pourront créer une force motrice nouvelle. Laquelle mène vers l’innovation. Utiliser les compétences et les connaissances des citoyens peut donc être plus que productif.
Par ailleurs, intégrer les citoyens dans les concertations et les décisions politiques publiques ne peut qu’être bénéfique, dans le sens que cela entrainerait une transparence de ce qui se fait. Si la politique actuelle se heurte à la défiance de ces citoyens, c’est parce que ces derniers n’ont aucune visibilité – en plus d’aucun pouvoir d’action – sur ce qui est fait ou en train de se faire. Il faudrait donc une relation de confiance entre politiques et citoyens.

Attention cependant, n’est pas Napoléon qui veut. Autrement dit, nous avons besoin d’experts pour nous conseiller, et nous guider sur la bonne marche à suivre. Tout le monde n’a pas forcément la compétence de leader, encore moins celle de gouverner. Les compétences cognitives mais aussi techniques de comprendre les tenants et aboutissants de la politique ne sont pas données à tout le monde. Gouverner est donc un métier à part entière. Personne ne peut maçonner à la place du maçon. Nous avons donc besoin des membres du gouvernement non pas pour « diriger » mais pour « mener la danse ». Il doit s’agir d’un dialogue ouvert entre le peuple et son gouvernement.

 

Pour réaliser tout cela, il faut procéder à un travail de sensibilisation des citoyens comme des politiques, et rassembler des acteurs pertinents pour ces tâches. Quoi qu’il en soit, la citoyenneté active est ce qui semble pouvoir améliorer les politiques publiques.

 

Envie d’en apprendre davantage sur la relation citoyenneté active et vie politique ? Direction cet article très complet sur le sujet.

ophélie

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